Calidad del sueño en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Andrés Bello, 2019, Chile / Sleep quality in medical students from Andrés Bello University, 2019, Chile

Resumen Introducción: El sueño es un estado fisiológico-rítmico que cursa con pérdida de conciencia y capacidad de respuesta. Durante este se llevan a cabo procesos imprescindibles para el aprendizaje y el metabolismo, por lo que cobra relevancia conservar una adecuada calidad del mismo. Objetivo: Describir la calidad del sueño de los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Andrés Bello sede Concepción, durante el primer semestre del año 2019. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 147 estudiantes de primer a cuarto año de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad Andrés Bello sede Concepción. Los datos fueron levantados mediante el Índice de la Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh --ICSP--, y posteriormente procesados con el software IBM Statistics SPSS v.22. Resultados: El 91,8% de los estudiantes presentaron mala calidad de sueño (ICSP>5), con una puntuación promedio de 8,4. Los componentes con mayor variabilidad entre los cursos fueron la duración (p<0,01) y las perturbaciones del sueño (p<0,02). Por su parte, los estudiantes que trabajaban presentaron mayor presencia de perturbaciones del sueño en comparación con aquellos que solo se dedicaban a sus estudios (p=0,03). Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad Andrés Bello, sede Concepción, presentaron una mala calidad del sueño. Esto podría ser atribuido a la alta exigencia académica y/o a la carga horaria utilizada en clases teóricas y prácticas, y empeoraría al agregar exigencias adicionales como tener que trabajar durante los estudios. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(3): 29-38.

Abstract Background: Sleep is a critical physiological state, which occurs with loss of consciousness and response capacity. During this, essential processes for learning and metabolism are carried out, so it is important to preserve adequate sleep quality. Aim: To describe the sleep quality of medical students at Andrés Bello University, Concepción headquarter, during the first half of 2019. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 147 students from the first to fourth year of the medical career at Andrés Bello University, Concepción headquarter. Data was collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index --ICSP--, and later processed with IBM Statistics SPSS v.22 software. Results: 91,8% of students showed poor sleep quality (ICSP> 5), with average score of 8,4. Components with mayor variability between courses were duration (p<0,01) and sleep disturbances (p<0,02). For their part, students who were working had mayor presence of sleep disturbances compared to those who only dedicated themselves to their studies (p=0,03). Conclusions: The surveyed students reported poor sleep hygiene. This could be attributed to the high academic demand and / or the time load used in theoretical and practical classes, and it would be made worse by adding additional demands such as having to work during studies. As a future projection, longitudinal follow-up of the students would be recommended, which would allow evaluating the impact that different variables such as stress, evaluations, variations in the number of subjects and semester clinical hours, among others, would have on the sleep quality of the students. MED.UIS.2021;34(3): 29-38.

Conocimiento de la anticoncepción de emergencia en mujeres adolescentes de enseñanza media de la comuna de Hualqui, Chile / Emergency contraception knowledge in female adolescent secondary education students from Hualqui commune, Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN Dado que el conocimiento sobre la anticoncepción de emergencia puede ser de gran utilidad en la promoción de la salud sexual y salud reproductiva, especialmente en los adolescentes, la deficiencia del mismo podría disminuir su prescripción y uso. OBJETIVO Describir el conocimiento sobre los métodos anticonceptivos de emergencia de un grupo de mujeres adolescentes estudiantes de enseñanza media de la comuna de Hualqui, Chile. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se encuestó a 115 mujeres adolescentes estudiantes de primer a cuarto año de enseñanza media del liceo San Juan Bautista de Hualqui, Octava Región de Chile. Se exploraron antecedentes generales de salud sexual y salud reproductiva, y conocimientos sobre la anticoncepción de emergencia, su uso y formas de adquisición. RESULTADOS La edad promedio fue de 16,1 años. El 39% de las estudiantes eran sexualmente activas, y en promedio iniciaron su vida sexual a los 15,3 años y tuvieron 2,1 parejas sexuales. El método anticonceptivo que más utilizaban fue el anticonceptivo hormonal inyectable (31,1%), seguido de la anticoncepción oral combinada (20,0%). Con respecto a la anticoncepción de emergencia, el 80,9% declaró saber de su entrega liberada, mientras que el 11,1% declaró haberlos usado alguna vez. El 91,3% de las encuestadas consideró necesario tener mayor información. CONCLUSIÓN Las adolescentes participantes del estudio mostraron algún grado de conocimiento respecto a la anticoncepción de emergencia, pese a no utilizarla habitualmente. No obstante, la mayoría expresó la necesidad de tener mayor acceso a información relacionada al tema.

BACKGROUND Given that knowledge about emergency contraception can be very useful in promoting sexual health and reproductive health, especially in adolescents, its deficiency could decrease its prescription and use. AIM To describe the knowledge about emergency contraceptive methods of a group of female adolescent secondary education students from the Hualqui commune, Chile. METHOD A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. 115 adolescent women students from first to fourth year of high school at San Juan Bautista high school in Hualqui, Eighth Region of Chile, were surveyed. General sexual health and reproductive health backgrounds, and knowledge of emergency contraception, its use, and forms of acquisition were explored. RESULTS The average age was 16,1 years. 39% of the students were sexually active, and on average started their sex life at 15,3 years and had 2,1 sexual partners. The most widely used contraceptive method was injectable hormonal contraception (31,1%), followed by combined oral contraception (20,0%). Regarding the emergency contraception, 80,9% stated that they knew of their free delivery, while 11,1% stated that they had ever used them. 91,3% of respondents considered it necessary to have more information. CONCLUSIONS The adolescents participating in the study showed some degree of knowledge regarding emergency contraception, despite not using it regularly. However, the majority expressed the need for greater access to information related to the topic.

Consumer Response to Tomato Pomace Powder as an Ingredient in Bread: Impact of Sensory Liking and Benefit Information on Purchase Intent.

This study evaluated consumer acceptance and purchase intent (PI) for bread formulated with dried tomato pomace powder (DTPP). DTPP was used to substitute 5 or 10% by weight for a 50/50 mix of white and whole-wheat flour used in a control bread. Consumers (n = 231) evaluated sensory attributes and PI on the breads, which were produced and presented as slices from a typical commercial sandwich loaf. Before answering PI questions, panelists were presented with information regarding the DTPP ingredient. Some received information on nutritional quality, some on sustainability impact, some both, some neither. This approach allowed the impacts of those messages on PI to be tested, along with impact of liking, price, and other factors. PI was analyzed using a fractional logistic model. Statistically significant differences were observed in several sensory attributes, some favoring the DTPP ingredient with overall liking very similar for the 5% DTPP and control bread samples. Price and overall liking were highly significant variables effecting PI. DTPP proved to be an excellent ingredient to replace a portion of wheat flours to improve nutritional value of bread products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study shows that dried tomato pomace powder (DTPP) has potential application as an ingredient, since it improved nutritional content, appearance, and color appeal of wheat bread. Furthermore, food producers who are considering the use of byproducts in their product formulations should be encouraged by the finding that informed consumers were as willing to purchase the bread with the ingredient, as they were to purchase a typical comparable sandwich bread without it. Furthermore, both a nutrition message and a sustainability message can increase PI for the bread containing the byproduct relative to their PI toward the control bread.

Chemical Characterization and Antiplatelet Potential of Bioactive Extract from Tomato Pomace (Byproduct of Tomato Paste).

We examined the ability of tomato pomace extract (by-product) to affect platelet aggregation in healthy humans (clinical pilot study). In phase 1 the tolerance of participants (n = 15; 5 per dose level) ingesting tomato pomace extract across three dose levels (1, 2.5, and 10 g) was evaluated. Phase 2 was a single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design human (male, n = 99; 33 per group) pilot intervention trial investigating the acute and repeated dose effects (5 days) of different doses of tomato pomace extract (1 g, 2.5 g or placebo) on platelet aggregation ex vivo. Various flavonoids (coumaric acid, floridzin, floretin, procyanidin B2, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, and quercitin) and nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, and guanosine) were identified in the tomato pomace extract. The clinical study showed that the daily consumption of 1 g of aqueous extract of tomato pomace for 5 days exerted an inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation.

Effect of Storage on the Physico-Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Strawberry and Kiwi Leathers.

Strawberry and kiwi leathers were used to develop a new healthy and preservative-free fruit snack for new markets. Fruit puree was dehydrated at 60 °C for 20 h and subjected to accelerated storage. Soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, water activity (aw ), total phenolic (TP), antioxidant activity (AOA) and capacity (ORAC), and color change (browning index) were measured in leathers, cooked, and fresh purees. An untrained panel was used to evaluate consumer acceptability. Soluble solids of fresh purees were 11.24 to 13.04 °Brix, whereas pH was 3.46 to 3.39. Leathers presented an aw of 0.59 to 0.67, and a moisture content of 21 kg water/100 kg. BI decreased in both leathers over accelerated storage period. TP and AOA were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in strawberry formulations. ORAC decreased 57% in strawberry and 65% in kiwi leathers when compared to fruit puree. TP and AOA increased in strawberries during storage. Strawberry and Kiwi leathers may be a feasible new, natural, high antioxidant, and healthy snack for the Chilean and other world markets, such as Europe, particularly the strawberry leather, which was preferred by untrained panelists.